Yb:KGW
Yb3+：KGd（WO4）2（Yb:KGW）是最有前途的激光活性材料之一。Yb:KGW晶体有望取代Nd:YAG晶体和Yb:YAG晶体应用于大功率二极管泵浦激光系统。Yb:KGW在高功率、短脉冲飞秒激光及其广泛应用方面也具有巨大的潜力。
Yb3：KGW具有大的吸收系数，低的量子缺陷，高的吸收和发射截面
Yb离子简单的二能级电子结构避免了上转换、激发态吸收和浓度猝灭等非期望的损耗过程。与常用的Nd:YAG晶体相比，Yb:KGW晶体具有更大的吸收带宽、3-4倍的发射寿命、更高的存储容量、更低的量子缺陷，更适合于二极管泵浦。斯托克斯位移越小，加热越小，激光效率越高。与Yb:YAG和Yb:YCOB等掺Yb激光晶体相比，Yb:KGW具有更高的吸收截面（13-17倍）、更低的量子缺陷（~4%）、比Yb:YCOB高9倍的发射截面和比Yb:YAG宽的发射带、高的非线性折射系数和斜率效率最高（87%）。
特点
- 吸收线宽度宽，无需严格的温度控制即可获得相位匹配的LD泵浦源的泵浦波长；
- 量子缺陷低，泵浦波长非常接近激光输出波长，导致固有的激光斜率效率高，理论上量子效率可达90％左右；
- 由于泵浦的能级接近激光的上限，因此没有辐射弛豫的材料中的热负荷很低，仅是掺钕钕激光材料的热负荷的三分之一；
- 无激发态吸收和上转换，光转换效率高；
- 荧光寿命长，是相同的掺钕激光材料的三倍以上，有利于能量存储；
物理和化学特性
| 化学式 | Yb3+：KGd（WO4）2 |
| 晶体结构 | 单斜双钨酸盐 |
| 密度 | 7.27 g/cm3 |
| 传输范围 | 0.35-5.5 μm |
| 莫氏硬度 | 4 to 5 |
| 1060 nm的折射率 | ng = 2.037, np = 1.986, nm=2.033 |
光学和热学特性
| 导热系数 | Ka=2.6 W/mK, Kb=3.8 W/mK, Kc=3.4 W/mK |
| 热光学系数@ 1064 nm | dnp/dT=-15.7 * 10-6 K-1 |
| dnm/dT=-11.8 * 10-6 K-1 | |
| dng/dT=-17.3 * 10-6 K-1 | |
| 热膨胀 | αa=4X10-6 /°C |
| αb=3.6X10-6 /°C | |
| αc=8.5X10-6 /°C | |
| 熔点温度 | 1075 °C |
| 吸收截面 | 1.2X10-19 cm2 |
| 受激发射横截面（E || a） | 2.6X10-20 cm2 |
| 激光波长 | 1023-1060 nm |
| 激光阈值 | 35 mW |
| Yb3 +的2F5/2歧管在77 K时的纯能级（cm-1） | 10682, 10471, 10188 |
| 在77K时，Yb3 +的2F7/2流形的斯塔克能级（以cm-1为单位） | 535, 385, 163, 0 |
| 光学损伤阈值，GW / cm2 | 20 |
光谱性质
| 吸收峰波长，lpump，[nm] | 981.2 |
| 吸收线宽，Dlpump，[nm] | 3.7 |
| 峰吸收横截面，冒泡，[cm2] | 1.2×10-19 |
| 峰值吸收系数，[cm-1] | 26 |
| 发射波长，lse，[nm] | 1023 |
| 发射线宽，Dlse，[nm] | 20 |
| 峰值发射截面，sse，[cm2] | 2.8×10-20 |
| 量子效应，lpump / lse，[nm] | 0.959 |
| 荧光寿命，tem [ms] | 0.6 |
吸收和发射光谱
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参考文献
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